所有权概念之思考

本文在反思传统所有权概念立法例及其理论缺陷的基础上 ,深入考察了所有权的内在方面和弹力性 ,认为 ,为全面理解所有权概念及其终极支配性 ,应放弃弹力性的说法 ,并将目光聚焦在“人”身上     

Do bone elasticity and postmortem interval affect forensic fractographic analyses?

Forensic fractographic features of bone reliably establish crack propagation in perimortem injuries. We investigated if similar fracture surface features characterize postmortem fractures. Experimentally induced peri- and postmortem fractures were used to assess if fractographic features vary as bone elasticity decreases during the postmortem interval (PMI). Thirty-seven unembalmed, defleshed human femoral shafts from males and females aged 33–81 years were fractured at varying PMIs with a drop test frame using a three-point bending setup and recorded with a high-speed camera. Vital statistics, cause of death, PMI length, temperature, humidity, collagen percentage, water loss, fracture energy, and fractography scores were recorded for each sample. Results showed that fractographic features associated with perimortem fractures were expressed in PMIs up to 40,600 accumulated degree hours (ADH), or 60 warm weather days. Hackle was the most consistently expressed feature, occurring in all fractures regardless of ADH. The most variable characteristics were wake features (78.4%) and arrest ridges (70.3%). Collagen percentage did not correlate strongly with ADH (r = −0.04, p = 0.81); however, there was a strong significant correlation between ADH and water loss (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). Multinomial logistic regression showed no association between fractographic feature expression and ADH or collagen percentage. In conclusion, forensic fractographic features reliably determine initiation and directionality of crack propagation in experimentally induced PMIs up to 40,600 ADH, demonstrating the utility of this method into the recent postmortem interval. This expression of reliable fractographic features throughout the early PMI intimates these characteristics may not be useful standalone features for discerning peri- versus postmortem fractures.     

亲子关系诉讼中的血缘鉴定之强制性

在亲子关系纷争中,以血缘亲子关系是否真实存在为其主要争点,而这种真实性的确认通常需借助于血型或DNA等血缘鉴定等科学方式。然而,血缘鉴定需要相关当事人配合以提供血液或毛发等为科学鉴定之样本,如此就牵涉到当事人的人格权保护、血统真实主义、裁判公正需要等价值权衡下的选择、取舍。参仿国外并立足国情,以子女最佳利益保护为根本,适应诉讼上的真实发现与裁判公正之需要,对血缘鉴定于具体个案实践中的正当性与必要性两方面结合为考量,可以采用强度程度不一、具体方式多样对血缘鉴定对执行以灵活处理。     

The spatial division of labour in Nepal

This article examines how economic activity and market participation are distributed across space. Applying a nonparametric von Thünen model to Nepalese data, we uncover a strong spatial division of labour. Non-farm employment is concentrated in and around cities while agricultural wage employment dominates villages located further away. Vegetables are produced near urban centres; paddy and commercial crops are more important at intermediate distances. Isolated villages revert to self-subsistence. Findings are consistent with the von Thünen model of concentric specialisation, corrected to account for city size. Spatial division of labour is closely related to factor endowments and household characteristics, especially at the local level.     

mtDNA技术及其在诉讼和事故调查中的应用

本文系统编译整理了线粒体及线粒体 DNA(mtDNA)技术。mtDNA 技术对刑侦、刑事审判与辩护、重大灾害事故调查和民事诉讼以及战争阵亡者母系血统关系认定具有广泛的作用。执法人员、刑事被告人、民事诉讼参与人了解 mtDNA 技术与 DNA 指纹技术的区别才能有效地利用 mtDNA 技术,避免错案和合法权益受到损害。     

母权—子权结构的理论及其价值

所有权就像母亲,定限物权如同子女,用＂母权＂和＂子权＂的概念及其相互关系表达,就是所有权是产生定限物权的＂母权＂,定限物权为所有权生出的＂子权＂。母权—子权结构的根源,从不同的视角可有不一样的描述及理论,如所有权与其权能分离的属性和原理,所有权的弹力性,所有权乃定限物权的母权等。所有权与其权能分离的属性及其原理,关注点在于所有权自身及其含有的权能,以及这些权能具有分离的性质和能力,至于权能分离后的去向,是否形成权利,形成何种类型的权利,则在所不问。所有权乃定限物权的母权,既关注权能的出处,又重视权能的去向,更强调所有权与定限物权之间的派生关系。所有权的弹力性没有关心权能分离形成定限物权,在这方面与所有权与其权能分离属性相同,但它概括了权能可以自所有权中分离出去又可以回归的现象,描述了所有权有时＂虚化＂有时＂圆满＂状态。     

股指下降期价量关系及底部区域价量弹性预测

基于趋势原理可从股票成交量中分解出促进下降的成交量,再依据经济学弹性概念可建立价量弹性系数来反映股票价量之间的匹配关系.研究表明:促进下降的成交量是收益的Granger原因,在股指下降期间是此成交量导致了股票价格继续下降;同时,由于股指下降期的底部区域会通过价量关系表现出来,通过考察价量弹性系数指标的变动,股指下降期的底部区域是完全可以预测的.     

广西经济增长的就业效应分析及对策

20世纪80年代,广西经济增长表现出较强的就业带动效应,但进入90年代,伴随着经济的快速增长,就业增长却呈现出下降趋势。经济增长对就业增长带动作用的减弱导致广西失业问题突出。文章对广西经济增长就业效应减弱的成因进行了剖析,并提出相应的政策建议。     

Can Labelling Policies Do More Harm Than Good? An Analysis Applied to Environmental Labelling Schemes

In certain plausible circumstances, the introduction of labelling schemes can lead to adverse effects. In the case of ecolabelling, the adverse effects are an environmental degradation rather than an environmental improvement. To take into account the environmental sensitiveness or responsiveness of consumers, we introduce the concept of environmental elasticity which enables us to classify goods. In a basic analytical model, we describe the conditions under which different outcomes—overall impacts of change in environmental quality due to environmental labelling—arise after the introduction of an ecolabelling scheme. We show that an ecolabelling scheme can lead to an increase in purchases of environmentally sustainable products. The net effect on the environment can be worse than the initial situation without ecolabelling, because the environmental unit improvement is compensated by an over-consumption. We suggest several tests to detect this potential perverse effect, some policy implications to avoid it and stress the need for further research.JEL Classification: D11, L15, Q28     

降息启动民间投资的思考

利率下调是刺激民间投资的有效手段。良好的市场环境是利率机制发挥作用的前提。近年来我国居民储蓄增长速度加快,民间投资的利率弹性有下降趋势。社会保障制度,投资体制以及融资环境之不足是影响利率弹性,制约降息政策启动民间投资效果的主要因素。结合我国目前民间投资现状,从实证的立场出发,要促进民间投资利率弹性的提高,使降息政策充分发挥启动民间投资的作用,必须改善相关的市场环境。加快利率市场化进程,完善社会保障制度,改善政策环境,融资环境以及服务环境从而促进投资环境的好转是我们目前面临的主要工作。